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Tape Reference Number: H2002-10-09, Part 1
Lillian Walker talks with Debbie Turner and Karen Brewster on September 2, 2003 in the empty apartment she was moving out of in Anchorage, AK about…
Unalakleet\ birth date\ mother -- Bradley, Katherine\ father -- Kootok, Gabriel\ sister -- Irene\ brother -- Rudolph\ death\ sister -- Esther\ father -- death\ mother -- remarried\ Kaltag -- moved to\ mink farm\ Whaleback\ Old Woman\ 22 Mile|
mink farm -- work\ step father -- Label, Fred\ chores -- watering and feeding the mink\ mink -- number of\ mink -- management of\ mink -- pelting\ fall\ mink -- breeding\ spring\ mink -- life trapping\ mink -- favorite\ permit -- Department of Fish and Game\ permit -- life trapping\ marten\ fox\ saw mill\ logs -- use of\ building\ work -- hard\ work -- schedule\ Christmas\ mother -- death\ cancer\ mink farm -- love of\ education\ mink farm -- move from\ father -- illness\ Tacoma\ Holy Cross -- school\ siblings -- to relatives\ marriage|
3) Her opposition to the priests and sisters at the Mission trying to arrange her sister's marriage.
sister -- Irene\ marriage\ marriage -- opposition to\ Holy Cross Mission\ permission -- lack of\ sister -- separation from\ job\ Fairbanks\ St. Joseph Hospital\ Seward\ husband -- Irene\ Holy Cross -- return to|
4) Life at the Holy Cross Mission when she was a child.
Holy Cross Mission -- life at\ discipline\ education\ skills -- learning\ chores\ children -- number of\ children -- types of\ children -- working together\ Mission -- schedule\ stove -- starting\ church\ babysitting\ fire -- dormitory\ taking care of each other\ chores -- assigned monthly\ Mission -- operation of\ feast\ days off\ education -- quality of\ teachers\ Mission -- graduation\ children -- further education\ children -- work|
Holy Cross Mission\ school -- subjects\ catechism\ education -- quality of \ education -- value of\ Walker, Rudy\ education -- Holy Cross\ education -- children\ Walker, Darryl \ St. Marys\ homework\ discipline -- rules\ children -- raising\ chores\ lifestyle -- change\ children -- complain\ old days -- hardship\ lamps\ water -- packing\ wood -- burning\ Ghost Creek -- spring water\ water -- well|
6) Her marriage, names of her children, and her husband's job as a river boat captain.
marriage\ husband -- Walker, David\ children -- number of\ children -- names of\ husband -- death\ job -- river boat captain\ captain -- certification\ Yukon River\ Yutana Barge Line\ job -- deckhand\ Day Navigation\ boat -- fire\ boat -- loss of\ belongings -- loss of\ boat crew -- women\ boat -- dining room|
barge -- trips\ Yukon River\ barge -- route\ Nenana\ St. Michaels\ Bering Sea\ Fort Yukon\ boat --"Tanana"\ boat -- "Yukon"\ Dietrich, Ted\ Peterson, Arthur\ knitting\ villages -- visiting\ Kaltag\ friends\ Holy Cross Mission\ education -- boarding schools\ Eklutna School\ Sheldon Jackson School|
Holy Cross Mission\ beading -- learning\ girls\ Jacobson, Mildred\ teacher\ beading -- designs\ slippers -- first pair\ leather\ moose skin\ bead work -- sale of\ school -- money\ fishing\ moose -- harvest\ berry -- picking\ gardening -- vegetables\ vegetable -- storage\ cellar\ sourkraut\ food\ chores -- green house\ chores -- gardening\ mosquitoes -- change in\ knats\ Mission -- livestock\ horses --- use of\ tractor -- Farmall\ Holy Cross -- size of\ Holy Cross -- garden\ Holy Cross -- village\ Holy Cross -- change in\ saw mill\ Johnson Store\ Holy Cross -- beauty of\ Holy Cross -- aerial photo\ Ivanoff, Fred\ Unalakleet|
9) Raising vegetables and flowers in her own family garden.
family -- raising\ garden\ Walker, Darryl\ vegetables\ garden -- growth of\ soil -- topsoil\ flowers\ top soil -- hauling\ Newman, Willie -- death|
Ghost Creek\ family\ school\ Walker, David\ children -- hauling\ snowmachine -- first\ Army jeep\ Ghost Creek -- children\ Ghost Creek -- families\ Walker, Jimmy\ Shageluk\ Ghost Creek -- access\ Fall -- beach\ Spring -- hill\ snow -- depth\ Walker, Mary\ Holy Cross -- walked to\ hip boots\ Holy Cross -- church\ children -- carried\ river -- high water\ bluff|
11) What it was like living at Ghost Creek, and why she and her family moved into Holy Cross.
Ghost Creek -- life at\ Walker, Mary \ teacher\ Ghost Creek -- moved from\ childcare\ Walker, Darryl\ Walker, Rudy\ Walker, David -- illness\ help -- getting|
12) Her work as a health aide and mid-wife in Holy Cross.
job -- health aide\ job -- mid-wife\ Holy Cross\ babies -- delivered\ babies -- names of\ Ghost Creek\ Edwards, Mary\ Edwards, Annie\ Gregory, Herbert\ delivering babies -- learning\ mother in law -- teacher\ Walker, Irene\ Walker, Jimmy\ Shageluk\ Walker, Peter\ Demientieff, Theresa\ Edwards, Alec\ Newman, Genevieve -- assistant\ delivering babies -- method\ delivering babies -- dangers\ hemorrhage\ delivering babies -- studied \ ?, Alfred\ delivering babies -- scary\ Bethel\ pregnant women -- hospital\ payment -- lack of\ Walker, Mary -- mother in law\ ?, Sophie\ health aide -- training\ health aide -- first trained|
13) Why she resigned from health aide work.
health aide -- resignation\ delivering babies -- stopped\ delivering babies -- hospital\ Bethel\ health aide -- number of years\ job\ retirement\ Walker, David\ health aide -- 1970s to '80s\ job -- not want\ Ghost Creek\ Holy Cross -- stayed in\ Walker, Marie\ night calls -- too far away\ health aide -- changes\ changes -- medications\ medications -- read about\ Reader's Digest|
health aide\ Tanana Chiefs Conference\ health aide -- training\ healthcare -- videoconference\ medical procedures\ Yukon-Kuskokwim area\ blood draw\ shots\ Aniak\ job\ board member -- alcohol, mental health, children services\ social services -- referrals\ alcohol -- counselor\ Grayling\ Anvik\ Holy Cross\ Walker, David\ confidence -- lack of\ counselors -- personal experience\ Mallel, Tommy\ Deacon, Marvin\ counselors -- encouragement\ Grayling -- talking circles\ honesty\ support\ Mcgrath\ health aide -- positive about\ advice|
Denakkanaaga -- formation\ elders -- support for\ Denakkanaaga -- changes\ politics\ Fairbanks\ Athabascan\ Deghitan\ Gwitchin\ language -- not learned\ English\ Holy Cross Mission\ step father -- French Canadian\ language -- learned\ job -- board member\ Holy Cross\ Kaltag\ villages -- like family\ language -- Deghitan\ meetings -- Native language\ job -- health aide\ Bethel\ language -- Yupik\ language -- understanding\ Venetie\ Allakaket\ translator\ Holy Cross -- tribal council\ job -- DFYS\ job -- hard\ support\ tribal court|
16) When drugs first came to Holy Cross.
Holy Cross\ Browns -- teachers\ drugs -- arrival of\ marijuana\ drugs -- knowledge of\ drug -- education\ school board -- lack of action|
17) Health services that were established for substance abuse problems.
work -- school board\ Aniak School District\ Holy Cross\ Iditarod School District\ Mcgrath\ tribal council\ Demientieff, Luke\ Bethel\ Drew, Wilson\ Savage, Pious\ superintendent\ drugs -- use of\ mental health board\ name -- change\ Anvik and Mcgrath Area Children Services\ alcohol -- effects of\ Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)\ alcohol -- pregnancy\ principal -- school\ alcohol -- boot legging\ drug -- dealing\ state trooper\ funding -- lack of|
18) How life changed in Holy Cross after alcohol and drugs came in.
village life -- changes in\ alcohol -- introduction of\ drugs -- problems with\ suicide\ Kaltag\ Nulato\ Holy Cross\ problems|
potlatch\ community hall\ village -- The Point\ Holy Cross Mission\ potlatches -- elimination of\ school\ education -- English\ language -- Native\ punishment\ dances -- Native\ Frank, Joe\ feast -- child\ practices -- traditional\ food\ dance -- men\ dance -- women\ dance -- partner\ gift exchange\ dance -- learned\ dance -- up the river dance\ dance -- ice cream dance\ dance -- crane dance\ Turner, Lucy\ Savage, Miska\ bird call -- crane\ bird call -- crow\ dance -- teacher\ Demientieff, Margaret Alexie\ Edwards, Phillip -- mother\ Anthony, John\ Edwards, Barbara -- mother\ Savage, Pious\ dances -- end of\ dance partner -- Newman, Willie\ Paul, Johnny\ Edwards, Alec\ Mrs. Anthony\ Scammon Bay\ Peters, George\ Kuskokwim River\ Mission -- came to\ names -- loss of\ heritage -- loss of\ Kushunak, Patty\ Kushunak\ Tununa, Billy, Teresa, and Alice\ Tununak\ cultures -- mixture\ Nulato\ Kaltag\ Walker, Mary\ dance -- airplane dance\ Demientieff, Frances\ Savage, Ellen\ Peters, Axina|
20) Berry picking in the summer.
berry picking\ berries -- blueberry\ berries -- raspberry\ berries -- season\ berries -- change in\ weather -- effect of\ rain -- lack of\ Blueberry Hill\ St. Joseph's Mountain\ berries -- amount picked\ sister|
21) What she is most proud of in her life, and how she learned to sing and play musical instruments.
pride\ Holy Cross Mission\ education -- quality of\ education -- strict\ singing -- learning\ Christmas\ Easter\ musical instruments -- playing\ holiday celebration\ musical instruments -- organ\ musical instruments -- piano\ musical instruments -- guitar\ guitar -- learning\ learning -- determination\ music -- knowledge of\ musical instruments -- violin\ Robertson, Minnie Monroe|
22) Holidays celebrated at the Holy Cross Mission.
holidays\ celebration\ Christmas\ Easter\ Immaculate Conception\ St. Joseph's Day\ Holy Eucharist\ Thanksgiving\ Columbus Day\ Independence Day|
23) Celebrating Christmas at the Mission.
Christmas\ gifts\ Santa Claus -- notes to\ Christmas -- decorations\ gifts -- dolls\ gifts -- coloring books\ Christmas -- favorite activity\ Midnight Mass\ boys -- singing\ Christmas -- morning|
24) How children with measles and tuberculosis (TB) were treated at the Mission.
Holy Cross \ illness -- measles\ berry picking\ medicine\ children -- sickness\ treatment -- aspirin\ food -- soup\ medicine -- homemade\ medicine -- sulfur\ medicine -- castor oil\ illness -- TB\ Mission -- infirmary\ children -- death\ TB -- lack of knowledge\ TB -- airborne\ medicine -- changes in||
food -- relish\ relish -- making\ cucumbers\ recipe\ food -- jam\ food -- taffy\ Christmas\ Brother Hess\ food -- candy\ holidays -- treats\ candy -- getting|